指示代词

指示代词包括：this, that, these, those。

1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。如：

This is a pen and that is a pencil. // We are busy these days. // In those days the workers had a hard time.

2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：

I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come. // What I want to say is this; pronunciation is very important in learning English.

3. 在比较级中，有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.

Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.

4. this 在电话用语中代表自己（我），that 则代表对方（你）。如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?

考点四、反身代词

英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加self，复数后加selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。具体变化见下表：

1. 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。意为“亲自”，“本人”。如：

I can’t express myself properly in English. (宾语) // This is myself. (表语)

He himself can not understand the idea. (主语同位语) // You should write the letter yourself. (宾语同位语)

2. 反身代词的常见搭配。如：enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快；hurt oneself 伤着自己；teach oneself=learn...by oneself 自学；(all) by oneself (完全)独立地；help oneself to请自便，随便吃……；look after oneself=take care of oneself自理，照顾自己；leave one by oneself 把……单独留下；lose oneself in 陶醉于，沉浸于；dress oneself 穿衣；make oneself at home不拘束，随便；wash oneself 洗澡。

1.It’s not safe to leave a baby in a car by 　　　　　　(它自己).

答案　itself　本题考查反身代词。itself它自己。

2.However, every time you exercise, you put 　　　　　　(你自己)at the risk of getting hurt, so remember to do it in a right way.

答案　yourself　句意:但是每一次你练习的时候,你都把自己置于受伤的风险中,因此记住要用正确的方法去做。考查反身代词。yourself你自己。

3.Now, she enjoys 　　　　　　(her) when talking with us every day.

答案　herself　本题考查反身代词。enjoy oneself过得开心,故填herself。

考点五、不定代词

代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语。

1. 常用的普通不定代词有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no等。

（1）every 只能做定语，none, no不能做定语。

（2）不定代词many, few, a few修饰可数名词复数，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。

（3）both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。

（4）大部分不定代词可用于“of+名词”结构。注意这一结构中的名词前必须有限定的词语修饰。如：

some of the students不能说some of students；each of the boys不能说each of boys等等。

2. 复合不定代词有12个：something (某事), someone (某人), somebody (某人), anything (任何事), anyone (任何人), anybody (任何人), nothing (没事), nobody (没有人), no one (没有人), everything (一切), everyone (每个人), everybody (每个人)。

（1）复合不定代词做主语时，谓语用单数。如：Something is wrong with the bike. // There isn’t anything in the room.

（2）复合不定代词被形容词或不定式修饰时，形容词或不定式要位于不定代词之后。如：

There is something wrong with the Radio. // I have something to tell you.

（3）含有some, any, every 的复合代词不能做定语。